Canada context: a TFSA shelters all growth and withdrawals tax-free — the best passive-income wrapper for most. Eligible Canadian dividends get the dividend tax credit. HISAs ~4.5–5%, dividend ETFs ~3.5–4%, broad index ~7% long-run. Use an after-tax yield for non-registered money below.
Get the Passive Income Tracker — $9 →At 5% yield, about $480,000 — fully inside a TFSA that income is tax-free. The calculator shows yours.