UK context: a Stocks & Shares ISA shelters returns tax-free (£20,000/yr allowance). Cash ISAs / high-yield savings sit around 4.5–5%, dividend funds ~3.5–4%, an all-world index fund ~7% long-run. The £500 dividend allowance and your ISA wrapper change what you actually keep — use a realistic after-tax yield below.
Get the Passive Income Tracker — $9 →At a 5% yield, about £240,000; at 4% (safer, ISA cash), about £300,000. The calculator shows your exact number.